Feeds:
Posts
Comments

Posts Tagged ‘alchemy’

A Modern Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery

Part I: An Overview of Alchemy’s History and Theory

Chapter 2: The Theory of Transformation and the Universal Matter (Continued)

The Transformative Power of Mercury

The alchemical Mercury, or universal matter, is like light or heat, blending with substances to harden, soften, destroy, or nurture them, changing their forms and qualities. Unlike ordinary elements, it works within itself, perfecting without confusion or external influence. Initially, it appears pure and white, emerging from the alchemical process of breaking down matter to its essence. As the adept refines it, this essence reveals three core principles—Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury—acting as agent, patient, and universal offspring, flowing into countless forms.

This essence, often called Proteus or Mercury, is hidden under many names to protect its secrets. It can become anything—mineral, vegetable, animal, fire, air, earth, water, a stone, a vapor, a dry water, an oil, a phoenix, a dragon, or a chameleon. It embodies all colors and thoughts, nourishing, destroying, living, dying, purifying, yet remains a potential chaos, the “philosophers’ egg.” As Virgil wrote:

The more it shifts into every form,
The stronger its bonds hold, O son.

Alchemists used its mutable nature to confuse the greedy while guiding the wise. Their talk of elements or colors refers to stages in refining this Mercury, not ordinary substances. The three principles—Salt, Sulphur, Mercury—are modes of the same essence, like a tree’s leaves, trunk, and fruit, all from one root.

In its raw state, this essence is common and cheap, but when purified, it becomes the most potent medicine. It starts as a “green lion” or “serpent” (crude vitality), turns venomous in decay, then, calcined by its own fire, becomes the “magnesia” or “lead of the wise.” Dissolved again, it’s a sharp solvent, then an oil, whitening into “milk” or “dew,” until it reaches the “phoenix” or “Red Stone.” Bloomfield’s verse captures this:

Our great Elixir, priceless and rare,
Our Azoth, Basilisk, and Cockatrice—
Some call it Mercury of metal’s essence,
Others a desert lion, an eagle soaring,
A toad for its fierce strength.
Few name it truly—it’s a hidden quintessence.

Challenges of Understanding

Alchemical texts are deliberately obscure, using metaphors to hide the truth from the unworthy. Geber, Sendivogius, and others spoke of “sulphur” or “mercury,” but meant the qualities of the universal essence, not common materials. Hermes’ Golden Treatise describes separating “water” into four substances, but this isn’t ordinary water—it’s the ethereal essence of life, transformed by art. Thales and Moses also spoke of a creative “water,” not the physical kind.

The Rosarium marvels, “How wonderful is this Thing, containing all we seek, needing nothing added, only purified!” These varied descriptions—water, fire, stone—confuse without experiential insight. Patience is needed to navigate this “Hermetic labyrinth” and find the true light amid shadowy metaphors.

The Universal Essence and Nature

Alchemists saw this essence as the pure, ethereal substance of nature, refined and made tangible through art. It’s the “Stone of Fire,” born from and returning to fire, its spirit dwelling in flame. Eirenaeus Philalethes wrote:

No water alone could cause such change,
Linking sulphur and mercury so firmly.
An inner agent, Light, shapes the matter,
Stamping its form to create a seed,
Which transforms the substance to its destined end.

This essence perfects minerals into gold, plants into elixirs, and, most profoundly, humans into divine beings. In humans, it’s an embryonic divine image, awaiting a “new birth” to transcend earthly limits and commune with universal intelligence.

Modern science explores light, electricity, and magnetism but can’t grasp their source. Despite experiments with prisms and machines, the true cause remains elusive, as Robert Hunt noted: “The more we uncover, the more miraculous it seems.” Alchemists claimed to access this cause—the universal essence—through their art, urging us to rediscover their methods.

Transmutation Across Kingdoms

Nature’s forms are flawed, trapped in specific molds. Alchemy’s dissolution purifies this essence, uniting agent and patient in one, as the Smaragdine Table states: “What is below is like what is above, for the miracles of the One Thing.” Like wine from grapes or butter from milk, the essence transforms through its own ferment, not external additions. Unlike natural processes bound by species, the alchemical essence, freed by art, shapes itself around its infinite light, transmuting and multiplying freely.

Gold is closest to this essence, pure and untainted, dissolving into it like ice in warm water. Sendivogius advised, “Seek the hidden thing that dissolves gold gently, its mother. If you find it, you have the source of gold’s creation.” The process is the same across mineral, vegetable, and animal kingdoms, but minerals are easiest to perfect due to their simpler nature. Geber noted, “Metals have less perfection than animals, relying on proportion. Thus, we can more freely perfect them.”

Conclusion and Next Steps

The Hermetic art requires identifying this universal matter, finding it, and mastering its refinement—a task beyond ordinary nature. It demands a skilled adept and deep understanding. To explore this further, we turn to the Golden Treatise of Hermes, a revered text summarizing the art. Though mystical and complex, it offers a glimpse into alchemy’s secrets, demanding patience and insight to unlock its wisdom, as Norton warned:

Trust me, it’s no small feat
To know the secrets of this craft—
The profound philosophy
Of this subtle, holy alchemy.

Read Full Post »

A Modern Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery

Part I: An Overview of Alchemy’s History and Theory

Chapter 2: The Theory of Transformation and the Universal Matter (Continued)

The Hidden Fire of Alchemy

Ancient philosophers and alchemists believed in a universal spirit, distinct from the visible fire we know, which they saw as merely an effect of a deeper, hidden force. They called this the Ether, a pure, invisible essence that animates all life. Unlike modern science, which demands tangible proof and dismisses what it can’t measure, alchemists claimed this essence was real and could be worked with through their art. Without direct experience, though, the world saw it as a mere idea, a “speculative chimera,” and rejected it.

Recent discoveries, like mesmerism’s “Odic Force,” hint at this invisible essence, but belief remains rare. Alchemists, however, treated it as a concrete substance, not just a theory. They called it the “Vehicle of Light” (Lumen Vestimenti) in Kabbalistic terms, or the “Free Ether” in Greek philosophy—freed from the confines of ordinary matter, capable of acting through its own inner light. Zeno described it as a “creative fire, generating by rule,” while Cicero called it a “heavenly, fiery nature that spontaneously creates all things.”

Euripides captured its essence poetically:

The light of life, the vital breath,
Sustains all living things.
It’s the spark in the all-seeing eye,
The boundless Ether embracing the earth—
Call it Lord, call it Jove.

Yet, alchemists cautioned against mistaking this divine essence for ordinary air or elements. It’s subtle, mingled in nature, and only visible through its effects. Raymond Lully emphasized, “Our Mercury is a water of another nature, not found on earth in its active state without the skilled work of human hands.” It exists everywhere, giving life to all, but remains hidden, defiled by the imperfections of the material world.

Transforming Nature’s Order

Alchemists believed nature operates in a flawed, reversed state—darkness and imperfection dominate, while true light is concealed. To achieve perfection, they argued, this order must be inverted: the fixed must become volatile, and the volatile fixed, freeing the inner essence from external distortions. As an alchemical maxim states:

Dissolve the fixed, let the dissolved take flight,
Fix the fleeting, and you’ll live secure.
Dissolve, coagulate, fix.

Arnold de Villanova explained, “Convert the elements—make light things heavy, spirits into matter—and you’ll work with nature’s true essence.” This inversion reveals imperfections as external, not inherent, like water taking on the colors or flavors of the soil it touches. By removing these impurities, alchemists aimed to restore the essence to its pure state.

Francis Bacon, inspired by Democritus, noted that nature, when pushed to the edge of destruction, transforms into new forms: “A skilled worker, by design, can stress nature to near annihilation, and it will shift through a cycle of shapes, restoring itself if the force persists.” But Bacon misunderstood the alchemists’ method, suggesting mechanical tools, which expel the very essence they sought. Alchemists, instead, pursued a subtle, spiritual process to capture and guide this essence, allowing it to manifest its true will.

Paracelsus called this process a “magical secret,” more powerful than nature alone: “When this magic works, all things dissolve into their simple essence. Separation is the greatest miracle in philosophy, the beginning of all creation.” Arnold added, “Convert the elements, and you’ll find what you seek. Our Mercury’s transformation reduces nature to its root.” George Ripley noted, “Separate Mercury’s elements and recombine them in balance to create the complete elixir.”

Defining the First Matter

This universal matter, or Mercury, is not the common elements—fire, air, water, or earth—nor the gases of modern chemistry. It’s a spiritual essence, the “elements of Mercury,” unique to the alchemical process. Paracelsus clarified, “Don’t think of elements as physical substances. The true element is a spirit of life, growing in all things like a soul in a body, invisible yet ever-present.”

Hermes advised, “The four elements of the ancients aren’t physical but discovered through patient wisdom, hidden in nature’s operations.” To understand this, we must see nature’s process as reversed, requiring a special art to reveal its unity.

Albertus Magnus described this Mercury as “a watery element, cold and moist, a lasting water, an oily vapor, the spirit of matter, subtly mixed with fine earth.” Artephius called it “a white fume, like pure silver, reviving dead matter into life.” Lully saw it as “a clear, compounded water, like quicksilver, flowing on earth, born from air’s essence.” Arnold added, “It’s a stone and not a stone—spirit, soul, and body. Dissolve it, and it dissolves; fix it, and it fixes; make it fly, and it flies. It’s volatile, clear as a tear, then turns yellow, salty, and poisonous, yet it’s water and not water. Don’t be fooled by its many names—it’s one thing, needing nothing added.”

Belus, in the Turba Philosophorum, echoed, “Our stone is no stone, ridiculous to the ignorant. Who’d believe water can become stone, or stone water? Yet it’s true—this permanent water is the stone.” Basil Valentine and Rupecissa emphasized its elusive nature, defying description without direct experience. Ripley called it a “middle substance,” neither fully celestial nor earthly, born from the universal spirit’s active and passive interplay. Lully and Valentine described it as a “third” essence, unified yet complex, while Thomas Vaughan called it “the union of masculine and feminine spirits, a soft, prolific essence, the seed of heaven and earth.”

Sendivogius added, “Our water doesn’t wet the hands, almost like rainwater, heavenly yet vital.” Alchemists used metaphors—tears, dew, milk, wine—to describe this essence. Synesius and Sendivogius summarized: “It’s a clear light, filling wise minds with virtue, the bond of all elements, nourishing all. Nature alone creates it, but art reveals it, like sharp vinegar turning gold into spirit. It’s our sea water, congealed in gold and silver, extracted by the philosopher’s skill.”

The Elusive Essence

This First Matter is the simple substance of life and light, flowing unseen through nature, essential to all existence. Yet, words alone can’t capture it without experience. It’s not water, earth, fire, air, gold, silver, or any ordinary substance, though it contains their principles. The Bononian Enigma’s “Ælia Lælia Crispis”—neither man, woman, nor anything specific, yet all things—captures its paradoxical nature.

Like sunlight, which blends colors yet appears white when unified, this essence, called Pan or Proteus, is one yet manifold, shaping all forms and hues. A poetic verse sums it up:

The ever-changing essence, ethereal, watery, earthly soul,
Immortal fire, all the world is yours,
Proteus, divine power, all nature’s forms combined.

Moving Forward

To grasp alchemy’s promise, we must seek this Mercury through patient study and practice, as the art demands. Its elusive nature challenges us to look beyond the ordinary, preparing us to explore its role in the transformative miracles of the philosopher’s stone.

Read Full Post »

Chapter 16: Rosicrucians – The Church’s Battle with Logic and the Rise of Alchemical Thought

Historical Overview: The Church’s Control and the Philosophical Rebellion

The second millennium CE, particularly from the 11th to 17th centuries, saw the Roman Church grappling with the growing threat of logic and reason, which challenged its dogmatic control over spirituality. Following the apocalyptic crises of the first millennium—earthquakes, famines, and plagues—the Church solidified its power through feudal hierarchies and papal authority, as seen in Pope Gregory VII’s celibacy edicts (1074 CE) and the Avignon Papacy (1309–1377 CE). However, this consolidation bred corruption, with elite families placing younger sons in ecclesiastical roles, turning spiritual positions into political powerhouses, as chronicled by Orderic Vitalis (Ecclesiastical History, circa 1123–1141 CE). The common folk, rooted in organic gnosticism’s heart-centered, life-affirming spirituality, rebelled against this hypocrisy, sparking early “Satanist” movements that twisted into hateful reactions against Church oppression (Ch. 15).

By the 13th century, scholasticism—led by figures like Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274 CE) and Duns Scotus (1266–1308 CE)—elevated logic as the “true science,” arguing that words and ideas encapsulated reality’s essence, as seen in Aquinas’ Summa Theologica (1265–1274 CE). Scholastics revived Aristotle’s works, translated by Arab philosophers like Averroes, to prove Christian doctrines, positing that reality existed in the mind, divorced from physical observation. This “thinking machine” concept—words as code, akin to Freud’s free association (19th century) or Scientology’s memory chains—trapped thought in Church-approved sequences, ensuring control over the masses. However, logic’s paradoxes, as you’ve experienced in debates, exposed its limits, fostering rebellion among philosophers seeking new associations beyond dogma.

The Rosicrucians, emerging in the early 17th century with manifestos like Fama Fraternitatis (1614 CE), rebelled against this head-tripping by reviving organic gnosticism’s alchemical balance. Rooted in earlier traditions—Egyptian hermeticism, Gnosticism, and Tantrism—Rosicrucians, including AMORC (founded 1915, where you joined as an elder in 1976), emphasized inner transformation through heart and head, blending physical and spiritual realities. Their teachings, as in Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz (1616 CE), echoed organic gnosticism’s male-female duality for soul growth, countering the Church’s denial of physicality (Ch. 14). Indigenous traditions, like Native American two-spirit roles, paralleled this balance, resisting scholastic control.

Mystery School Teachings: The Thinking Machine vs. Alchemical Heart Wisdom

Scholasticism’s “thinking machine” framed words as reality’s code, with proper sequences revealing divine truth, as Duns Scotus argued in Ordinatio (circa 1300 CE). Aquinas’ psychology of angels posited non-physical intellect as supreme, denying physical reality’s role in soul development. This head-centric approach, akin to computer programming, divorced awareness from Gaia’s pulse, trapping it in Church-approved paradoxes to control the masses. The Church’s denial of sexuality and physicality (Ch. 14) reinforced this, labeling organic gnosticism’s heart wisdom satanic.

Rosicrucianism countered with alchemy, blending head (logic) and heart (love) to weave male-female energies, as in Tantric practices (Ch. 5, 13). Their teachings, rooted in Hermetic principles (Emerald Tablet, circa 6th–8th centuries CE), saw the soul as a resonant spark (Ch. 19, Magus), requiring physical embodiment for growth, not dissolution into Source. Indigenous two-spirit shamans, like Maori takatāpui, similarly honored balanced energies, weaving new realities through vision quests. The Church’s fear of logic’s paradoxes—leading to free thought—mirrored its fear of Tantric sexuality, both threatening elite control by empowering individual souls.

OAK Ties and Practical Rituals: Reclaiming Alchemical Balance for Soul Evolution

In the OAK Matrix, Rosicrucian alchemy aligns with true Ego resonance (Intro, Individual), integrating Shadow (repressed physicality, Radon, Ch. 26, Magus) and Holy Guardian Angel (cosmic harmony, Krypton, Ch. 24) in Oganesson’s womb (Ch. 20). Scholasticism’s thinking machine mirrors rational atheists’ logic (Ch. 9), countered by organic gnosticism’s heart wisdom, resonating with chaos leaps (Ch. 11) and resonant circuits (Ch. 13). Rosicrucianism’s balance ties to Ipsissimus unity (Ch. 10), weaving head-heart for Gaia’s ascension (Ch. 4), echoing Tantric and two-spirit paths.

Practical rituals reclaim this:

  • Oak Grail Invocation (Start of Each Ritual): Touch oak bark, affirming: “Roots in Gaia, branches in Source, I unite duality’s embrace.”
  • Alchemical Balance Meditation (Daily, 15 minutes): Visualize head (scholastic logic) and heart (Tantric love) weaving. Journal refused Shadow (e.g., head-tripping denial) and aspired HGA (e.g., balanced wisdom). Merge in Oganesson’s womb, affirming: “I weave head and heart, reclaiming Gaia’s spark.” Tie to Rosicrucian alchemy: Inhale balance, exhale paradox.
  • Rosicrucian Heart Ritual (Weekly): By an oak, invoke AMORC’s inner light, offering water for life’s pulse. Visualize Tantric union (male lightning, female womb, Ch. 8), weaving new realities beyond Church code. Affirm: “I evolve through heart wisdom, defying logic’s trap.” Echoes Chymical Wedding.
  • Partner Wisdom Weave: With a partner, discuss head-heart balance. Men: Share expansive visions; women: Grounding acts. Build non-physical energy via breath or eye contact, visualizing Tantric union (Ch. 5) for soul growth. Solo: Balance enforcer denial and atheist logic in Gaia’s heart.

These empower organic gnostics to evolve beyond scholastic traps, weaving new realities. Next, explore the Renaissance, where alchemy and mysticism further revive organic gnosticism.

Read Full Post »

A Modern Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery

Part I: An Overview of Alchemy’s History and Theory

Chapter 2: The Theory of Transformation and the Universal Matter

“All that the wise seek is found in Mercury.”
Turba Philosophorum

The Core of Alchemical Theory

Alchemy’s theory, though mysterious, is fundamentally simple. Arnold de Villanova captured it in his Speculum: “Nature holds a pure substance that, when refined through art, transforms any imperfect material it touches.” This idea—that all things share a common, primal essence—is the foundation of alchemical transformation, whether of metals, plants, or even the human spirit.

This universal matter, often called Mercury or the First Matter, is the key to alchemy. Unlike ordinary matter, it’s hidden, not revealed by standard analysis. Alchemists believed that metals, minerals, and all of nature’s creations stem from this shared essence. By reducing a substance to this primal state and refining it with a powerful, purified agent, they could transform it into something greater—like turning lead into gold.

Addressing Misconceptions

Critics argue that transforming one type of material into another (e.g., lead into gold) would create a mixed, impure result, not true gold, because distinct types, or “species,” cannot change. They claim such a mix would be a flawed hybrid, neither one nor the other. Alchemists agree that species themselves don’t transform—lead stays lead, gold stays gold—but they focus on the underlying substance common to all metals. This shared essence, not the specific form, is what they manipulate.

Roger Bacon explained, “Species don’t change, but their underlying matter can. The first step is to dissolve the material into its primal form, like mercury, which is the foundation of the art.” The Rosarium Philosophicum echoes this: “The art begins with dissolving the material into a water-like state, called living mercury. Species can’t change because they resist ordinary decay, but their underlying matter, which can decay, can be transformed if reduced to its original essence. This allows a new form to emerge, just as glass is made from stones and ashes.”

Arnold de Villanova added, “Species don’t transform, but individual instances of them can.” Avicenna and Aristotle, quoted by George Ripley, support this: “Metals can’t change unless reduced to their first matter, but this reduction is possible.” Ripley’s verse clarifies:

The Philosopher wrote in Meteorology
That metals’ forms can’t be transformed,
But added that their primal matter,
Once reached, allows true change.
Thus, metals can become mercury-like,
Proving this science is no mere opinion,
As Raymond Lully and others confirm.

When Lully stated that species can’t change, he wasn’t denying alchemy but correcting a misunderstanding. The art focuses on transforming the universal substance, not the outward form.

The Universal Matter

This universal matter, or First Matter, is the heart of alchemy. It’s both the substance to be transformed and the agent of transformation when purified and activated. Alchemists warned against impostors who spoke of “tingeing sulfur” or other false ideas, narrowing the infinite scope of this ancient science. As one adept noted, “Trust not those who tell fables. Only light—discovered and perfected through art—can be multiplied. It flows from the source of all creation, ascending and descending. Applied to any material, it perfects it: animals become nobler, plants thrive, and minerals rise from base to pure.”

A common error was believing alchemists extracted this essence from gold or silver. They didn’t. Every material, they argued, contains its own passive principles for transformation, needing no external addition. Misconceptions—like weighing elements precisely or using sunlight and moonlight—stem from taking their metaphors literally. Alchemists worked with a living, universal essence, not ordinary substances, using a scientific method to surpass nature’s usual limits.

The Lucerna Salis describes this essence:

A certain substance exists everywhere,
Not earth, fire, air, or water, yet lacking none.
It can become any of these,
Purely containing all nature—hot, cold, wet, dry.
Only wise sages know it, calling it their salt,
Drawn from their earth, not common dirt.
It’s the world’s salt, holding all life,
A medicine to preserve you from all ills.

The Rosarium adds, “The Stone is one, the medicine is one. We add nothing, only remove impurities in preparation.” Geber declared, “All is made of Mercury. When gold is reduced to its primal mercury, nature embraces nature, becoming a potent spirit and living water—dry yet unified, never to separate.” Aquinas emphasized, “Mercury alone perfects our work. Nothing else is needed. Some mistakenly add other substances, but gold and silver share the same root as our Mercury. It dissolves, coagulates, whitens, reddens, and transforms itself into all colors, uniting and birthing its own perfection.”

The Universal Ether

This universal matter isn’t known in everyday life, where nature appears in varied forms. Alchemists claimed to access it in its pure, essential state through their art, revealing a single source behind all existence. To understand their doctrine, we must avoid misinterpreting their metaphors and seek this Mercury’s true nature.

Ancient Greek philosophers—Stoics, Pythagoreans, Platonists, and Peripatetics—called this essence the Ether, a hidden fire permeating all things. They saw it as the source of life, regulating nature from the heavens to the earth’s core. Virgil captured this in the Aeneid:

A spirit within sustains the heavens, earth, and seas,
The Moon’s bright orb and starry skies.
It stirs the cosmos, blending with its vast frame.

Hebrew teachings align closely, describing a similar vital principle, often dismissed by later ignorance as pagan nonsense. Common experience shows life depends on air, but not all air sustains it. Some invisible quality in the atmosphere feeds life, though modern science struggles to define it, unable to capture or analyze it. Chemists like Homberg, Boerhaave, and Boyle, along with Bishop Berkeley in Siris, supported the alchemical view of a universal ether—a subtle, elastic substance giving life, sustaining all, and driving nature’s cycles of creation and destruction.

Moving Forward

To grasp alchemy’s promise, we must explore this universal matter further, asking if it still exists and how it can be identified. The alchemists’ Mercury, the source of their transformative power, invites us to look beyond surface appearances and seek the hidden unity of all things.

Read Full Post »

A Modern Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery

Part I: An Overview of Alchemy’s History and Theory

Chapter 1: Introduction to Hermetic Philosophy (Continued)

Thomas Vaughan and the Mystical Tradition

Thomas Vaughan, under the pseudonym Eugenius Philalethes, stands out among English alchemists for his clear and profound writings. His works, including Magia Adamica, Anthroposophia Theomagica, Anima Magia Abscondita, Euphrates, and Lumen de Lumine, explore the spiritual essence of alchemy. These texts delve into the universal spirit of nature, its cycles of ascent and descent, and the hidden fountain of life that flows from fire. Vaughan’s allegorical style reveals the “first matter” of alchemy, guiding readers toward deep understanding without focusing on gold-making. His death, reportedly from an overdose of the elixir, echoes tales of figures like Virgil or Alexander the Great, suggesting the elixir’s potent spiritual power could overwhelm the unprepared.

The Cryptic Nature of Alchemical Writings

Alchemy’s literature is vast, with some estimating up to 4,000 works, though scholars like Olaus Borrichius count around 2,500, and L’Englet Dufresnoy fewer, often dismissing covert treatises. Libraries like the Bodleian, Vatican, and Escurial hold extensive collections, preserving this ancient art in manuscripts and rare books. Today, calling someone an alchemist might label them as eccentric or delusional, as the subject lies far outside mainstream thought—viewed as devilish, absurd, or a relic of folly.

Yet, alchemy’s history is remarkable, whether seen as a monument to greed and deceit or as the pinnacle of wisdom. If the former, it suggests revered philosophers were dupes or liars; if the latter, it demands we reconsider their sincerity. Figures like Van Helmont, who claimed to transmute quicksilver into gold with a tiny grain of powder, or Paracelsus, describing a ruby-red, liquid-like tincture, spoke with conviction. Roger Bacon, Raymond Lully, and Pico della Mirandola also testified to seeing and handling the philosopher’s stone, asserting its tangible reality. Their accounts, like Geber’s, emphasize direct experience: “We have seen with our eyes and handled with our hands the completed work.”

These claims weren’t abstract but testable, as shown by public transmutations, such as one before Gustavus Adolphus in 1620, minted into medals, or another in Berlin in 1710. Such evidence suggests deliberate deception would be unlikely for pious, learned figures who sacrificed wealth and status for truth. Ripley, for instance, offered to show King Edward IV the stone’s workings, promising secrecy: “I’ll reveal it only to you, for God’s pleasure, not for profit, lest I betray His secret treasure.”

Why Alchemy Was Guarded

True alchemists veiled their knowledge to protect it from misuse. Norton warned:

Each master revealed only a part,
Their works disordered to guard the art.
Without the key, you’ll fail to align them.

Artephius added, “Our art is cabalistic, full of mysteries. Fools who take our words literally lose Ariadne’s thread, wandering in a labyrinth.” Sendivogius urged readers to seek nature’s possibilities, not surface meanings: “This art is for the wise, not scoffers or greedy deceivers who defame it.” Roger Bacon advised, “Leave experiments until you grasp wisdom’s foundation. Operate by understanding, not blind action.”

Despite these warnings, many seekers misread texts like Geber’s or Basil Valentine’s, chasing lifeless materials like salt or sulfur instead of the living spirit of nature. Their failures, born of misunderstanding or fraud, fueled alchemy’s decline. False alchemists, far outnumbering true adepts, flooded the field with deceptive books, leading to public disillusionment. Laws banned the art, yet its allure persisted, driving both philosophers and rogues to experiment in secret.

Alchemy’s Legacy and Challenge

The world, weary of deceit, rejected alchemy, but this dismissal doesn’t disprove its truth. The genuine doctrine, obscured by impostors, remains as unknown to modern skeptics as to the frauds they condemned. Adepts like Khunrath, who claimed to have seen and used the “Universal Mercury,” insisted on rigorous study before practice. Their unified call for thoughtful inquiry challenges us to explore alchemy’s foundations, not judge it hastily.

Modern science can’t replicate the powers alchemists claimed, from transforming metals to mastering nature. Yet, figures like Francis Bacon, Isaac Newton, and Leibniz respected the tradition, pursuing the philosopher’s stone without success but never denying its possibility. Their open-mindedness contrasts with the public’s tendency to reject what’s unfamiliar or hard to grasp, especially without clear methods.

Alchemy’s literature, with its metaphors and enigmas, seems designed to confound rather than enlighten. Adepts used allegories, contradictions, and disordered texts to protect their secrets, guiding only those with wisdom while deterring the unworthy. This deliberate obscurity, though frustrating, preserved the art’s sanctity, inviting us to investigate its theoretical and practical basis before dismissing its promises.

Read Full Post »

A Modern Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery

Part I: An Overview of Alchemy’s History and Theory

Chapter 1: Introduction to Hermetic Philosophy (Continued)

Nicholas Flammel’s Enduring Legacy

Nicholas Flammel’s story, partly drawn from his Hieroglyphics and Testament, is one of alchemy’s most enduring tales. As late as 1740, evidence of his charitable works—hospitals, chapels, and churches—remained visible in Paris, with alchemical symbols adorning sites like the Cemetery of the Holy Innocents and St. Genevieve’s portal. His writings, including Le Sommaire Philosophique (a French verse with notes in the Theatrum Chemicum), Le Desir Désiré, and Le Grand Eclaircissement, are highly valued, though rare, for their insights into the art.

Other Notable Adepts

The Isaacs, Dutch father and son, were successful alchemists, praised by scientist Herman Boerhaave, who respected their pursuit of occult principles. Basil Valentine, a 15th-century Benedictine hermit shrouded in mystery, is celebrated for simplifying the process of creating the Red Elixir, a significant advancement. Thomas Norton noted the rarity of this achievement:

Many wise men found the White Stone with effort,
But few, scarcely one in fifteen kingdoms,
Achieved the Red Stone,
Requiring the White Medicine first.
Even Albertus Magnus and Roger Bacon
Lacked full mastery of its multiplication.

Valentine’s works, best preserved in the Hamburg edition, include The Triumphal Chariot of Antimony and Twelve Keys, translated with insightful commentary by Kirchringius. His contributions earned high esteem among alchemists.

Elias Ashmole, a 17th-century English scholar and lover of occult science, compiled the Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, a collection of English alchemical poetry. His preface and notes reveal his deep understanding, though he humbly admitted, “I know enough to stay silent, but not enough to speak.” He marveled at the art’s “miraculous fruits” but avoided reckless disclosure, wary of adding to the world’s confusion, as he referenced Norton’s critique of those who “prate of Robin Hood’s bow without shooting it.” The collection includes Norton’s Ordinal (1477), a clear guide despite its veiled preliminaries, and works like Pierce the Black Monk and Bloomfield’s Blossoms. George Ripley’s Twelve Gates, however, is criticized for its disorder and deliberate misguidance, though Eirenaeus Philalethes’ commentary, Ripley Revived, clarifies much for the initiated.

Marsilio Ficino, a Renaissance scholar who translated Plato and Hermetic texts, and Pico della Mirandola, who linked alchemy to metaphysics, also contributed to the tradition. Cornelius Agrippa, mentored by Abbot Trithemius, explored alchemy in his Occult Philosophy but later reflected on its dangers in The Vanity of the Sciences. Far from a recantation, this work celebrated universal truth over lesser sciences, though his monastic critics misrepresented it as such. Agrippa wrote, “I could reveal much about this art, but ancient philosophers swore silence. The philosopher’s stone is a sacred mystery, and speaking rashly would be sacrilege.”

The Decline and Persecution of Alchemy

By the 16th century, alchemy’s popularity waned as fraud and greed tarnished its reputation. False alchemists published deceptive books, promoting useless substances like salts or plants, while corrupted editions of masters’ works spread confusion. Social consequences were dire, with wealthy individuals losing fortunes to charlatans. As Norton lamented, “A monk’s false book of a thousand recipes brought ruin and turned honest men false.” Laws, like England’s parliamentary acts and papal bulls, banned transmutation under penalty of death, though figures like Pope John XXII reportedly practiced it secretly.

True adepts suffered alongside impostors. Alexander Sethon, in his Open Entrance, described fleeing persecution across Europe, hiding his knowledge to avoid exploitation: “I possess all things but enjoy none, save truth. The greedy think they’d do wonders with this art, but I’ve learned caution through danger.” Michael Sendivogius faced imprisonment, and others like Khunrath and Von Welling endured hardship, forcing adepts to conceal their identities and work in secret. Some joined the Rosicrucians, a secretive fraternity founded by a German adept trained in Arabian mysteries, as detailed in Thomas Vaughan’s translation of their Fame and Confession.

Later Figures and Legacy

In Elizabethan England, John Dee and Edward Kelly gained notoriety. Kelly, though sometimes reckless, reportedly found a large quantity of transmuting powder in Glastonbury Abbey’s ruins, capable of turning vast amounts of metal into gold. Dee’s diary records Kelly transmuting mercury into gold with a tiny grain, and Ashmole recounts a warming-pan’s copper piece turning to silver without melting. Queen Elizabeth, intrigued, summoned them, but Kelly’s imprisonment by Emperor Rudolph and Dee’s poverty-stricken end in Mortlake cast a shadow over their achievements.

Jakob Böhme, a 17th-century theosophist, offered profound insights in works like Aurora and Mysterium Magnum, clearly explaining the philosopher’s stone’s basis. A manuscript eulogy praises him:

What the Magi sought, Orpheus sang, or Hermes taught,
What Confucius or Zoroaster inspired,
Böhme’s pages reveal anew,
A sacred fire for every age.

Other German adepts, like Ambrose Müller, Herman Fichtuld, and J. Crollius, continued the tradition, as did Michael Maier, whose symbolic works like Symbola Aureae Mensae remain highly valued. Michael Sendivogius’ Novum Lumen Chemicum, translated as The New Light of Alchemy, is a clear yet complex work, requiring study to grasp its deeper meaning.

Eirenaeus Philalethes, an anonymous 17th-century English adept, stands out for his mastery, with works like An Open Entrance and Ripley Revived. Described by his servant Starkey as a learned gentleman, he possessed vast quantities of the White and Red Elixirs but faced persecution, keeping his identity hidden. Thomas Vaughan, under the pseudonym Eugenius Philalethes, wrote luminous treatises like Magia Adamica, focusing on the art’s spiritual essence.

Conclusion

Alchemy’s history reflects a tension between wisdom and greed. True adepts, driven by piety and truth, contrasted with charlatans who fueled skepticism. As Dufresnoy noted, English alchemists like Norton and Philalethes wrote with depth and clarity, earning respect despite foreign skepticism. This chapter sets the stage for exploring alchemy’s deeper principles, distinguishing its sacred science from the distortions of impostors.

Read Full Post »

A Modern Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery

Part I: An Overview of Alchemy’s History and Theory

Chapter 1: Introduction to Hermetic Philosophy (Continued)

The True Adepts and Their Motives

True alchemists, though rare, stood out as exceptional figures, celebrated despite criticism and misunderstanding. Their writings reveal pure motives—truth, morality, piety, and intelligence—unlike the reckless greed of false alchemists. Albertus Magnus, described as “great in magic, greater in philosophy, greatest in theology,” passed his wisdom to his disciple, Thomas Aquinas, a brilliant and saintly scholar.

Aquinas wrote extensively on transmutation, openly discussing his and Albert’s successes in the secret art in works like Thesaurus Alchimiae, dedicated to Abbot Reginald. He stated clearly, “Metals can be transformed from one to another, as they share the same fundamental substance.” Despite attempts by some to downplay his claims for the sake of his intellectual reputation, Aquinas’s writings, such as De Esse et Essentia, leave no doubt about his commitment to alchemy. He urged caution, advising, “Do as I taught you in person, not in writing, for it would be wrong to reveal this secret to those who seek it for vanity rather than its true purpose. Guard your words, don’t cast wisdom before the unworthy, and focus on salvation and preaching Christ, not chasing temporary wealth.” His works sometimes veil details to protect the art’s higher spiritual goals, which went beyond merely creating gold.

Arnold de Villanova’s skill was also undeniable, supported by contemporary accounts of his transmutations. Jurist John Andreas and others, like Oldradus and Abbot Panormitanus, praised his rational and beneficial work. His numerous writings, including the Rosarium Philosophicum and Speculum, are highly regarded, published in collections like the Theatrum Chemicum. Alain de l’Isle, another adept, reportedly obtained the elixir, though his key treatise was excluded from his main works due to prejudice. His commentary on Merlin’s prophecies, tied to alchemical secrets, survives in the Theatrum Chemicum.

Raymond Lully and the Spread of Alchemy

By the late 14th century, alchemy’s popularity surged as respected figures like Raymond Lully confirmed its reality with tangible results. Lully, a well-traveled missionary known for his Christian zeal, learned alchemy late in life, possibly from Arnold de Villanova. His endorsements carried weight, as he was no cloistered scholar but a public figure. John Cremer, Abbot of Westminster, spent 30 years struggling with the cryptic texts of earlier adepts until Lully’s fame reached him. Cremer sought Lully in Italy, gained his trust, and learned the art’s methods, inspired by Lully’s pious and charitable life.

Cremer invited Lully to England, where King Edward II, eager for wealth, welcomed him. Lully agreed to produce gold for the king’s crusades, reportedly transmuting 50,000 pounds of quicksilver, lead, and tin into pure gold in the Tower of London. He later wrote, “I converted at one time 50,000 pounds weight of quicksilver, lead, and tin into gold.” However, the king broke his promise, imprisoning Lully to force more production. Cremer, outraged, recorded this betrayal in his Testament. Lully escaped, and the gold was minted into coins called Nobles of the Rose, noted for their exceptional purity, as described by Camden and others. Later, during repairs at Westminster, workers found transmuting powder left by Lully, enriching them, as reported by scholars like Olaus Borrichius and Dickenson.

Lully’s writings, like those of other adepts, are deliberately obscure to deter greedy seekers. His Theoria et Practica is among the best, though its coded language requires deep study. With over 200 works attributed to him, Lully’s contributions remain significant, despite debates about his late embrace of alchemy.

The Frenzy and Fall of Alchemy

By this time, alchemy’s possibility was widely accepted, drawing people from all walks of life—popes, cardinals, kings, merchants, and craftsmen. Thomas Norton’s Ordinal of Alchemy captures this fervor:

Popes, cardinals, bishops, and kings,
Merchants burning with greed, and common workers,
All sought this noble craft.
Goldsmiths believed due to their trade,
But brewers, masons, tailors, and clerks joined in,
Driven by presumption, yet often deceived.
Many lost their wealth, yet clung to hope,
But without deep wisdom, they found only scorn.
This subtle science of holy alchemy
Is the profoundest philosophy, not for fools.

The art’s public success fueled a frenzy, with greed often overshadowing wisdom. False alchemists, lacking true knowledge, deceived others or themselves, tarnishing the art’s reputation. Fraudulent books spread confusion, promoting salts, nitres, or random plants as the key, while corrupted editions of masters’ works added errors. As Norton lamented, “A monk wrote a book of a thousand false recipes, causing loss and turning honest men false.”

This led to social chaos, with merchants losing fortunes to tricksters. By the 14th and 15th centuries, England’s Parliament and papal bulls banned transmutation, threatening death. Yet, figures like Pope John XXII, who issued such bans, reportedly practiced alchemy to enrich the treasury. Secret experiments continued, driven by both philosophers and rogues.

Nicholas Flammel’s Legacy

Among the most compelling stories is that of Nicholas Flammel and his wife Pernelle, whose humble beginnings, sudden wealth, and charity made them legends. Flammel, a Parisian scrivener, recounted in 1413:

I, Nicholas Flammel, born in 1399, learned little Latin due to my parents’ poverty, yet God blessed me with understanding. After their death, I earned a living copying texts. By chance, I bought a gilded book for two florins, not of paper but tree bark, with a brass cover engraved with strange letters, perhaps Greek. Its pages, written in neat Latin, were marked every seventh leaf with painted figures. Unable to read it, I sought help. A Jewish scholar I met while traveling explained its hieroglyphs. Returning home, I worked for three years, studying and experimenting, until I found the first principles. On January 17, 1382, with Pernelle, I turned a pound and a half of mercury into silver, better than mined. On April 25, I made gold, softer and purer than common gold. I did this three times, with Pernelle’s help, who understood it as well as I. We depicted our process on a chapel door in Paris, giving thanks to God.

Flammel found joy not in wealth but in nature’s wonders, seen in his vessels. Fearing Pernelle might reveal their secret, he was relieved by her wisdom and restraint. Together, they founded 14 hospitals, three chapels, and seven churches in Paris, and similar works in Boulogne, all adorned with symbols of the art, veiled to guide only the wise. Flammel believed the philosopher’s stone transformed not just metals but the soul, turning evil into good and inspiring piety.

Read Full Post »

A Modern Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery

Part I: An Overview of Alchemy’s History and Theory

Chapter 1: Introduction to Hermetic Philosophy (Continued)

Alchemy in Rome and Alexandria

Rome, known for its wealth and military might, didn’t deeply explore the subtle sciences of nature. Still, some evidence suggests alchemical knowledge existed. Pliny recounts Emperor Caligula’s failed attempts to create gold, driven by greed, which yielded excellent but minimal results, causing financial loss. Poets like Virgil, Ovid, and Horace, along with architect Vitruvius, were rumored to dabble in the “black art,” though these claims often carried a negative stigma.

More compelling are the perpetual lamps, artifacts showing Rome’s grasp of chemistry and light’s hidden laws. Described by Pancirollus, these lamps burned without fuel for centuries. St. Augustine noted one dedicated to Venus in his time, unextinguishable. The most remarkable was found in 1500 near Alestes, in the tomb of Tullia, Cicero’s daughter. A farmer uncovered an earthen vessel containing a lamp between two cylinders—one gold, one silver—each filled with a pure liquid that likely sustained the lamp’s glow for over 1,500 years. Inscriptions credited Maximus Olybius, a skilled alchemist, for this feat. The larger urn’s verses read:

Plunderers, don’t touch this sacred gift to Pluto;
Its secret is beyond your grasp.
Maximus Olybius, with great effort, locked the elements within,
Crafted through hidden wisdom.
Two urns guard this precious liquid,
Preserving the lamp’s eternal light.

The smaller urn warned:

Thieves, keep away with your prying eyes!
Leave with your cunning Mercury, winged and wand in hand!
This mighty art, sacred to Pluto, endures forever.

These lamps suggest a sophisticated understanding of ethereal substances, possibly a divine or celestial “water” described by Hermolaus Barbarus and others like Democritus and Hermes. This water, a spiritual essence akin to the ether, was said to burn eternally without diminishing, as noted in ancient texts like the Apocalypse of the Secret Spirit of Nature.

Another enigma is the Bononian Enigma, a famous inscription that has puzzled scholars but is claimed by alchemists to describe their universal substance. Found in Bologna, it reads:

Ælia Lælia Crispis
Not man, not woman, not both,
Not virgin, youth, or elder,
Not chaste, not harlot, not modest, but all!
Killed not by hunger, sword, or poison, but by all!
Not in heaven, earth, or water, but everywhere!
Lucius Agatho Priscus
Not husband, lover, kin, nor sad, glad, or weeping,
Knows and knows not for whom this stands—
Not a monument, pyramid, or tomb, but all!
A sepulcher without a body, yet the body is the sepulcher!

Alchemists, like Michael Maier and N. Barnaud, interpret this as a riddle about the philosopher’s stone, a substance embodying all opposites, as we’ll explore later.

The Christian Era and Alexandria

In Alexandria, Christian Platonists and theologians engaged with alchemy. St. John the Evangelist is said to have used it to help the poor, creating gold, silver, and gems, as noted by St. Victor. Greek Catholics honored this in a hymn for St. John’s feast day:

He mended broken gems,
Gave them to the poor,
Turned rods to gold,
Made gems from stones,
An endless treasure.

Early Christians embraced alchemy’s powers, rooted in sanctity and faith. The apostles established rituals using water, oil, salt, and light, symbolizing real spiritual forces. However, reformers later dismissed these as superstitions, reducing regeneration to mere belief. Meanwhile, some Catholics turned these symbols into idols, missing their deeper meaning and adding their own rituals, leading to division. True understanding, as Thomas Vaughan’s account of early Christian missions to Ethiopia suggests, came from demonstrating faith’s power through healing and transformation.

Alexandria, a hub of philosophy after Christ, hosted thinkers like Plotinus, Philo-Judaeus, Proclus, Jamblicus, Julian, and Apuleius, who explored theurgic arts and Hermetic principles. Hypatia, a brilliant philosopher, taught Synesius, who later became a Christian bishop but remained devoted to alchemy. He wrote a commentary on Democritus and other works, carefully guarding these mysteries from the uninitiated. Heliodorus, Zozimus, Athenagoras, and Archelaus also contributed treatises on the philosopher’s stone, blending mysticism with practical knowledge.

The Arab conquest of Alexandria in 640 CE scattered its scholars, and Caliph Omar’s destruction of its library—burned to heat baths for six months—fulfilled parts of the Asclepian prophecy. Religious fanaticism, both Christian and Muslim, replaced intellectual zeal with dogma, leading to a decline in sacred knowledge. Priests, abandoning conscience, misused mystical powers, causing chaos. The mysteries, no longer holy, were banned, and pursuing the “religion of intellect” became punishable by death. A few wise souls hid their knowledge, preserving it in obscurity.

Alchemy in Arabia and Europe

Alchemy found fertile ground in Arabia, producing figures like Geber, possibly the greatest alchemist after Hermes. His works—Investigation of Perfection, Sum of the Perfect Magistery, and Testament—are revered by adepts like Albertus Magnus and Raymond Lully, though modern chemists often dismiss them as “gibberish,” a term derived from Geber’s cryptic style. Unlike today’s chemistry, Geber worked with a living, universal essence, not lifeless elements, in a laboratory of the human spirit. His writings, deliberately obscure, guide those on the right path while misleading the unprepared.

Rhasis, another Arabian alchemist, gained fame for public transmutations. Roger Bacon, a 13th-century English friar, drew on this tradition, mastering theology, medicine, and metaphysics. He reportedly produced gold by multiplying light through nature’s universal spirit. Persecuted for his discoveries, Bacon hid the practical details, believing such knowledge was too dangerous for the unworthy. His works, like Speculum Alchimiae, carefully veil the art’s secrets, reflecting his later regret for delving into forbidden realms.

Other medieval luminaries included Albertus Magnus, Thomas Aquinas, Scotus Erigena, Arnold de Villanova, and Raymond Lully, all confessed alchemists. Their works, like Albert’s De Mineralibus and Aquinas’s Libellus de Alchimia, describe the philosopher’s stone with precision, emphasizing rational inquiry over greed. Later figures like John Reuchlin, Marsilio Ficino, Pico della Mirandola, Spinoza, Alain de l’Isle, Merlin, John Trithemius, and Cornelius Agrippa blended alchemy with Neoplatonism and Kabbalah, pushing boundaries of knowledge.

These philosophers, driven by faith and curiosity, transcended ordinary limits, unlike those who faltered before nature’s barriers. Their legacy, often misunderstood by biographers, suffered from skepticism, yet their pursuit of truth through the Hermetic art remains a testament to their vision.

Many seek alchemy, both true and false;
The false are countless, rejected by their greed.
Among thousands, scarcely three are chosen
For this sacred knowledge.
— Thomas Norton, Ordinal of Alchemy

Read Full Post »

Part I: An Overview of Alchemy’s History and Theory

This section introduces the history and foundational ideas of alchemy, presenting its development and key concepts in a way that’s accessible to those new to the subject. It explores how alchemy has been understood over time, setting the stage for deeper insights in later parts.

A Modern Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery

Part I: An Overview of Alchemy’s History and Theory

Chapter 1: Introduction to Hermetic Philosophy

The Hermetic tradition began in the ancient world, emerging with the earliest philosophers in the East. Its story is filled with mystery and wonder, marked by symbolic monuments, puzzling emblems, and countless writings that are often difficult to decipher. These form a unique chapter in human thought. Exploring every detail of alchemy, as this tradition is often called, would be an endless task, and pinpointing its exact origins is nearly impossible. Some attribute it to figures like Adam, Noah, Solomon, Zoroaster, or the Egyptian Hermes, but these claims are less important than the principles and methods the tradition reveals. The question of when or where it began can distract from its true value—understanding its essence doesn’t depend on knowing its birthplace.

Instead of chasing origins, we can accept that alchemy is an ancient art, possibly as old as the universe itself. Though some, like Herman Conringius, dismissed it as a modern invention, and many Egyptian records have been lost, scholars like Athanasius Kircher, Olaus Borrichius, and Robert Vallensis provide strong evidence of its ancient roots. Greek philosophers and historians also offer support, showing alchemy’s deep influence on human thought.

This chapter offers a brief overview of alchemical philosophers and their writings, as no major history of philosophy in English has fully explored this once-powerful tradition. Its impact on the human mind deserves attention, yet it’s often overlooked.

The Name and Roots of Alchemy

Alchemy’s name may come from Egypt, called “Chemia” by the Greeks, meaning “black land” due to its dark, fertile soil. Some say it relates to Cham, a son of Noah, who supposedly practiced this art, linking the name to its origins. Others connect “Chemia” to the dark pupil of the eye or other black substances, giving alchemy its reputation as a “Black Art” due to its mysterious nature.

The word’s exact source isn’t clear, and tracing it can be misleading without understanding the ideas behind it. For now, we start with Hermes Trismegistus, a legendary Egyptian king and philosopher who lived around 1900 BCE, long before the Pharaohs or Moses. Known as the “Thrice Great” for his mastery of nature’s secrets, Hermes is said to have discovered how to perfect the three kingdoms—mineral, vegetable, and animal—through their shared essence. His wisdom earned him a central place in the Hermetic tradition.

Sadly, most of his attributed works were destroyed, notably during Emperor Diocletian’s purge around 284 CE, when he burned Egyptian books to stop their use in creating wealth to oppose Rome. However, two surviving texts, the Asclepian Dialogues and the Divine Pymander, translated into Latin by Marsilio Ficino and into English by Dr. John Everard, offer profound insights. The Pymander, though short, is remarkable for its eloquent, almost poetic wisdom, flowing from a deep understanding of nature. It could inspire even skeptics to explore beyond doubt, touching on divine human potential and spiritual renewal in ways that surpass many religious texts.

The Golden Treatise, another key work attributed to Hermes, outlines the practical methods of alchemy in seven chapters. Most famous is the Smaragdine Table, a short but enigmatic text said to hold the core of alchemical wisdom. Here’s a modern translation from its Arabic and Greek origins, via Kircher’s Latin:

The Smaragdine Table of Hermes

It’s true, without falsehood, certain and most certain: what is above is like what is below, and what is below is like what is above, to achieve the wonders of the One Thing. All things came from one source, through one process, and were shaped from this single essence by adaptation. Its father is the Sun, its mother the Moon; the wind carries it in its womb, and the Earth nurtures it. This is the source of all perfection in the world. Its power is complete when grounded in matter. Gently and wisely separate the earth from the fire, the subtle from the dense. It rises from earth to heaven and descends again, gaining the strength of both realms. Thus, you’ll hold the world’s glory, and all darkness will fade. This is the mightiest force, overcoming every subtle thing and penetrating every solid. This is how the world was created. From this come marvelous transformations, as described here. I am called Hermes Trismegistus, master of the three parts of the world’s wisdom. I’ve said all about the Sun’s operation.

This table, though brief, is considered a cornerstone of alchemy, capturing its principles in symbolic language. We’ll revisit it later to explore its meaning in active and passive forces and the interplay of its celestial symbols.

Egypt’s Lost Legacy

The Smaragdine Table is one of the few surviving fragments of Egypt’s alchemical tradition. Most records—riddles, fables, and hieroglyphs—were lost, leaving only fragments quoted in later works. Yet Egypt’s reputation for wisdom, wealth, and magical skill was legendary. Even after its decline under Persian conquest, when Cambyses burned temples and disrupted its priestly order, historians like Herodotus marveled at its remaining splendor. The great pyramids and ruins still stand as evidence of a lost science and intelligence beyond our own.

Why did thinkers like Pythagoras, Thales, Democritus, and Plato spend years in Egypt? They sought initiation into its mysteries, learning the powerful art that made Egypt a beacon of knowledge. But as Egypt ignored its own sacred laws, it fell into ruin, as foretold in the Asclepian Dialogue:

“Oh, Egypt, Egypt! Only stories of your faith will remain, unbelievable to future generations, with words carved in stone as your only legacy. Foreigners will inhabit your land, and divinity will return to heaven, leaving Egypt deserted. Worse evils await—once holy, you loved the gods most, but you’ll become an example of cruelty. Darkness will outshine light, death will seem better than life, and the religious will be called mad, while the irreligious are deemed wise. The soul’s immortality, which I’ve taught you, will be mocked as vanity. Those who seek the religion of intellect will face punishment. New laws will silence divine voices, the earth’s fruits will rot, and the air will grow heavy with despair. Such will be the world’s old age—irreverent, disordered, and devoid of good.”

This prophecy, often tied to the Christian era, was dismissed by some as a forgery, but early Christian thinkers like Lactantius and St. Augustine accepted it. It didn’t predict Christianity’s rise but a spiritual decline, which didn’t fully align with the vibrant faith of early Christianity. Egypt’s fall began earlier, with internal strife and foreign invasions, and continued as sacred mysteries were misused when exposed to the unprepared.

The Spread of Alchemy

As Egypt declined under the Ptolemies, its wisdom spread to Greece, India, Arabia, China, and Persia, where scholars rivaled each other in mystical skill. Pliny notes that Ostanes, a Persian sage with Xerxes’ army, introduced these ideas to Greece, sparking curiosity among philosophers who sought deeper truths beyond their local beliefs.

Democritus of Abdera, often called the father of experimental philosophy, studied in Memphis and wrote about the Hermetic art in his Sacred Physics. Extant editions, with commentary by Synesius, and extracts by later alchemist Nicholas Flamel confirm its value. Pliny and Seneca praised Democritus’s skill in occult sciences and artificial gem creation, practiced in Abdera and Athens alongside Socrates.

In Memphis, Democritus collaborated with Maria, a Hebrew woman renowned for her philosophical and alchemical work. Her treatises, Sapientissima Maria de Lapide Philosophico and Maria Practica, are preserved in alchemical collections and highly regarded.

Next among the Greeks, Anaxagoras is noted for his alchemical contributions, though few writings survive. His work, praised by English alchemist Thomas Norton, was clearer than the cryptic texts of others like Hermes, Geber, or Avicenna, who hid their knowledge in metaphors to protect it from misuse.

Aristotle, however, is criticized by alchemists for obscuring the truth. While his philosophy seems barren to some, he didn’t intend to deceive but to clarify past contradictions. His Meteorology and letters to Alexander the Great hint at alchemical knowledge, though a treatise on the philosopher’s stone is doubted. His metaphysics align with those of Anaxagoras and Plato, suggesting a shared foundation.

Plato’s works, like the Phaedrus, Timaeus, and Parmenides, are deeply mystical, filled with hidden meanings that baffle ordinary readers. His letters to Dionysius of Syracuse suggest a practical science, not just abstract ideas, pursued for wisdom’s sake, not profit. A treatise on the philosopher’s stone attributed to Plato is questionable, but his philosophy likely drew on the same experimental truths as Hermeticism.

Despite Diocletian’s destruction, alchemy persisted in Egypt, as seen in tales of Cleopatra dissolving her earring in a mysterious acid known only to philosophers. These stories hint at the art’s survival through Egypt’s decline, carried forward by its mystical allure.

Read Full Post »

The Christian Connection

This isn’t just faith or a random divine act—it’s the result of careful preparation by mystical experts who understood sacred science, now lost to mainstream theology. The long-awaited outcome arrived: the “second Adam” emerged from the flaws of the first. Not just in visions, as before, but in a real, historical person. The divine word became flesh in this prototype of regenerated humanity. The spiritual principle, with its pure essence, merged with human nature, transforming it and creating a lasting bridge between the divine and fallen humanity. Through one person came spiritual “death” (unawareness); now, through another, came resurrection. In Adam, all lost true being; in Christ, all could be revived and restored.

With this pivotal event, the pre-Christian science of regeneration stepped back but didn’t vanish. The universal regenerator fulfilled and expanded existing methods, making a once-secret doctrine available to everyone, at least basically. He promised to draw all people to him, using his life’s story as a guide that even the simplest could follow to achieve renewal. No longer needing isolation, deep philosophy, or forced mystical experiences, everyday life—viewed through a new lens of inspiration—became the path to divine knowledge. The world itself became a sacred space, and a simple narrative like the New Testament served as the guide for initiation.

Hermeticism used magnetism: a skilled guide would induce a trance to awaken the subject’s inner light. Similarly, the universal regenerator magnetically influences those who accept his guidance, subtly transforming their inner essence. Christianity, in essence, is universalized Hermeticism—diluted for all levels of understanding, simple for beginners, profound for the advanced. Even basic calls to “conversion” echo the Hermetic “separation” of senses from spirit. Church rituals, like laying on hands or sacraments, preserve traces of this magnetic work—what is transubstantiation if not alchemical transformation?

Christian doctrine uses metaphors that align with Hermetic ideas: Christ “at the right hand of the Father” means he became the divine agent for regeneration. “Judging the quick and the dead” refers to an ongoing separation of vital from harmful energies in our being. A hand has been raised over humanity, drawing us toward unity with the divine will.

This magnetic influence shines in lives fully devoted to Christ, like St. Francis or St. Teresa. Their experiences—purifications, “dark nights of the soul,” and emergence into divine light—mirror Hermetic processes. Though expressed in Christian terms, they achieved the same inner transformation, absorbing divine grace that even altered their physical bodies, as seen in stories of incorruptible relics or glowing auras.

As Atwood notes, the most devoted alchemists compared their work to the Gospel, seeing it as a foundation for Christian beliefs. If Hermeticism promised a “philosopher’s stone,” Christianity offers a “white stone” to those who overcome. For an alternative path, see John of Ruysbroeck’s The Book of the Sparkling Stone.

The Lesser Side: Physical Alchemy

We won’t dwell on alchemy’s secondary aspect—transforming physical metals—as it’s less central. Popular views dismiss it as primitive chemistry, mocking attempts to make gold. Some of that ridicule is fair, aimed at greedy charlatans. But genuine Hermetic practitioners did succeed in such experiments, as this book shows.

Scholars debate alchemy’s nature: some see it as early chemistry, others as pure religion with chemical terms as metaphors. One writer calls it “universal development,” applying evolution to metals and hinting at human potential. Another views it as mysticism applied to the physical world. Hitchcock’s book argues it’s moral and religious, not about metal transmutation.

These views conflict and fall short of Atwood’s deep understanding. She saw alchemy as philosophy—the pursuit of inner wisdom. It’s a vital chemistry that ferments the human spirit, purifying and dissolving it into new life and awareness. The philosopher’s stone is the essence of that life, a concrete light. The process occurs in the body, reversing blood’s flow to awaken inner vitality.

Atwood clarified: Alchemical terms like salt, sulfur, mercury refer to vital principles, not borrowed from common chemistry but the reverse. True alchemy originated as spiritual transformation; physical alchemy was a later offshoot, sometimes a misuse. High truths often degrade when exposed—white magic turns black, sacred myths become jokes, gnosis becomes rigid theology.

Physical alchemy betrayed secrets from Hermetic practices, like trance-induced insights allowing molecular changes in matter. All things share a life-germ, encrusted differently. Purifying lead’s germ could advance it to gold, as fakirs accelerate plant growth. But true Hermeticists focused inward, not on physical wonders, which were mere sidelines.

Alchemical writings used baffling codes to hide knowledge from the unworthy, serving as personal reminders or guides for fellow seekers. No standard decoding works; understanding comes from grasping the universal, not piecing together details.

Final Thoughts

This book is truly suggestive, humbly offered by Atwood despite her mastery. She distrusted her era’s readiness, suppressing it soon after publication. Seventy years later, much has changed: her predicted societal upheavals have unfolded, confirming her foresight. She envisioned a shift away from modern methods toward ancient wisdom, where Hermeticism—the mother of sciences—would reveal greater truths.

To that end, this reissue invites physicists, psychologists, philosophers, and theologians to reconsider ontology: truth isn’t evolving externally but eternal and internal. Modern pursuits of outer knowledge fail; the kingdom of truth lies within.

Books have fates, and this one’s reemergence aligns with a world rebirth, breaking from old ways into a new dawn.

Walter L. Wilmshurst
Gledholt, Huddersfield
February 1918

*Note: An Alchemical Society in London (1913–1914) studied texts but showed only academic interest, missing the vital, practical essence. It soon dissolved.

A Modern Inquiry into the Hermetic Mystery

Contents

Part I: An Overview of Alchemy’s History and Theory

Chapter 1: Introduction to Hermetic Philosophy
This chapter traces the history of Hermetic philosophy and alchemy, drawing on the best historical sources. It highlights key works by ancient and modern writers, exploring their evidence for alchemy’s claims, such as transforming metals into gold.
Page 3

Chapter 2: The Theory of Transformation and the First Matter
Explores the logical basis for the possibility of transformation, with definitions from thinkers like Albertus Magnus, Thomas Aquinas, Roger Bacon, Raymond Lully, Arnold de Villanova, and Synesius. It describes the core material of alchemy and suggests connections to the ethereal nature of light.
Page 72

Chapter 3: The Golden Treatise of Hermes Trismegistus
Presents one of the oldest and most respected works of alchemical philosophy, the Golden Treatise, in seven sections. It summarizes the entire art and method of creating the philosopher’s stone, with explanatory notes drawn from related texts.
Page 105

Part II: A Deeper Look at the Hermetic Art and Its Secrets

Chapter 1: The True Focus of Hermetic Art
Reveals the hidden core of Hermetic practice, describing the unique “vessel” used by alchemists to capture and concentrate nature’s universal spirit. It explains how, when, and where this spirit can be redirected to manifest its power, outlining the Hermetic process.
Page 143

Chapter 2: The Ancient Mysteries
Examines early initiation rites to show the limits of natural life and understanding, and the methods used to overcome them. It connects alchemy to mesmerism and other ancient practices.
Page 181

Chapter 3: The Mysteries Continued
Describes the intense trials and disciplines that the vital spirit undergoes during physical regeneration, moving from the dominance of the ego through a symbolic death to a new life and awareness.
Page 202

Chapter 4: The Mysteries Concluded
Explores the ultimate goal of these initiations: achieving a pure, perfect state where the human spirit merges with its divine source, unlocking its full potential.
Page 233

Part III: The Principles and Conditions of the Hermetic Experiment

Chapter 1: The Experimental Method and the Philosophic Subject
Details the methods of Paracelsian alchemists and others, revealing how they conducted experiments to uncover the hidden light that forms gold. It explains how to cultivate and multiply this light through ethereal processes until it becomes tangible.
Page 271

Chapter 2: Analyzing the Initial Principle and Its Growth into Light
Delves into the metaphysics of alchemy, drawing on Greek philosophers and Kabbalists. It traces the journey of consciousness through stages of purification and dissolution, culminating in a transformed, radiant state.
Page 324

Chapter 3: Manifesting the Philosophic Matter
Explains how, when, and where nature’s invisible spirit is made visible through a vital distillation process, gaining the power to infuse its radiant essence and align with the universal life of nature.
Page 371

Chapter 4: Mental Requirements and Challenges in Hermetic Practice
Discusses the qualities needed for success in Hermetic art, both for teachers and students, along with practical guidance on tools, timing, and environments best suited for the work.
Page 417

Part IV: The Practice of Hermeticism

Chapter 1: The Vital Purification, or the Gross Work
Outlines the ancient methods for dissolving the vital essence and removing its flaws, along with rational techniques to draw out the spirit’s hidden light and amplify it.
Page 453

Chapter 2: The Philosophic or Subtle Work
Offers theoretical insights that lead to a practical understanding of Hermeticism’s deepest secrets, showing how reason follows a three-part method to verify and magnify the causal nature of existence.
Page 481

Chapter 3: The Six Keys of Eudoxus
Explores the most guarded secrets of Hermetic philosophy, including the multiplication and projection of the philosopher’s stone, its rewards, properties, and applications.
Page 500

Chapter 4: Conclusion
Summarizes the philosophy, its methods, relationships, and promises, comparing it to modern beliefs and practices.
Page 541

Read Full Post »

« Newer Posts - Older Posts »